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Light blue | website = }} The Social Democratic Party (社会民主党 ''Shakai Minshu-tō'', often abbreviated to 社民党 ''Shamin-tō''), also known as the Social Democratic Party of Japan (日本社会党, abbreviated to SDPJ in English) and Japan Socialist Party (JSP) at various points until 1996, is a political party that advocates the establishment of a socialist Japan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=社会黨 憲法改正要綱 )〕 It now defines itself as a social-democratic party.〔 The party was reformed in January 1996 by the majority of legislators of the former Social Democratic Party of Japan, which was Japan's largest opposition party in the 1955 system. However, after that, most of the legislators joined the Democratic Party of Japan. Five leftist legislators who did not join the SDP formed the New Socialist Party, which lost all its seats in the following elections. The JSP enjoyed a short period of government participation from 1993 to 1994 (as part of the Hosokawa cabinet) and later formed a coalition government with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) under Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama (from the JSP) from 1994 to January 1996. The SDP was part of ruling coalitions between January and November 1996 (first Hashimoto cabinet) and from 2009 to 2010 (Hatoyama cabinet). After the Japanese House of Councillors election, 2013, it has five representatives in the national diet, two in the lower house and three in the upper house. == History == Socialist and social-democratic parties have been active in Japan, under various names, since the early 20th Century—often suffering harsh government repression as well as ideological dissensions and splits. The party was originally known as the Social Democratic Party of Japan (SDPJ, 日本社会党 ''Nihon Shakai-tō''), and was formed in 1945, following the fall of the militarist regime which had led Japan into the Second World War. At the time, though, there was serious conflict inside the party between factions of the right and the left, and the official name in English became the Japanese Socialist Party, or JSP, as the left-wing had advocated. On the other hand, the right wanted to use the older "SDPJ". The party became the largest political party in the first general election under the Constitution of Japan in 1947 (143 of 466 seats), and a government was formed by Tetsu Katayama, forming a coalition with the Democratic Party and the Citizens' Cooperation Party. However, due to the rebellion of Marxists in the party, the Katayama government collapsed. The party continued the coalition with the Democrats under prime minister Hitoshi Ashida; but the cabinet was engulfed by the Shōwa Denkō scandal, the largest corruption scandal during the occupation, allowing Shigeru Yoshida and the Liberal Party to return to government. In the period following the end of the Second World War, the Socialists played a key role in the drafting of the new Japanese constitution, adding progressive articles related to issues such as health, welfare, and working conditions. The party was split in 1950/1951 into the Rightist Socialist Party, consisting of socialists who leaned more to the political centre, and the Leftist Socialist Party, which was formed by hardline left-wingers and Marxist-Socialists.〔Socialist parties in postwar Japan, by Allan B. Cole, George O. Totten () Cecil H. Uyehara, New Haven : Yale University Press, 1966.〕 The faction farthest to the left formed a small independent party, the Workers and Farmers Party, and espoused Maoism from 1948 to 1957. The two socialist parties were merged in 1955, reunifying and recreating the Social Democratic Party of Japan. The new party joined the Socialist International that year. The new opposition party had its own factions, although organised according to left-right ideological beliefs rather than what it called the "feudal personalism" of the conservative parties. In the House of Representatives election of 1958, the Japan Socialist Party gained 32.9 percent of the popular vote and 166 out of 467 seats. This was enough result to block the attempt of constitutional amendment by the Kishi Nobusuke-led government. However, the party was again split in 1960 because of internal conflicts and the assassination of Inejiro Asanuma, and the breakaway group (a part of the old Right Socialist Party of Japan, their most moderate faction) created the Democratic Socialist Party, though the Japan Socialist Party was preserved. After that, the JSPs percentage of the popular vote and number of seats gradually declined. The party performed well on a local level, however: by the Seventies, many areas were run by SDPJ mayors and governors (including those who were endorsed by the SDPJ), who introduced innovative and popular new social programmes.〔Contemporary Japan by Duncan McCargo〕〔http://siteresources.worldbank.org/WBI/Resources/wbi37169.pdf〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=FEATURE: Seeds planted by 'progressive' governments still sprouting in Japan. )〕〔http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN019274.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Social Democratic Party (Japan)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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